The state is the 27th to decriminalize or legalize marijuana.
By
German Lopez
Virginia is decriminalizing marijuana.
On Sunday, Gov. Ralph Northam (D) announced
he signed a bill that will eliminate jail time for simple marijuana
possession, leaving only a civil penalty with a fine in place for the
first offense.
Northam previously said decriminalization was a priority for him, and the newly elected Democratic-controlled legislature soon followed his lead.
This is not full marijuana legalization.
Under decriminalization, penalties carrying jail or prison time are
removed, but lower-level penalties, like a fine, remain in place and
sales remain illegal.
Under legalization, all penalties for marijuana
possession are removed, and sales are typically allowed.
Some opponents of legalization favor decriminalization as
a step toward peeling back America’s harsh drug and criminal justice
policies. They see “tough on crime” policies as too punitive and costly,
but they don’t want to resort to full legalization, which they fear
would make pot too accessible in the US and allow big corporations to
sell and market the drug irresponsibly.
The concern for legalization advocates is that
decriminalization keeps the ban on selling marijuana, which means users
wouldn’t have a legal source for the drug, and criminal organizations
would therefore still have a source of revenue they can use for violent
operations around the world.
The fines, while less punitive than arrests
or prison time, can also cause problems, since they’re often applied in a racially disparate manner.
Some activists, including the Virginia chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union,
oppose the decriminalization measure on similar grounds: They fear that
the bill doesn’t do enough to dismantle the status quo of prohibition,
preferring lawmakers legalize outright instead of taking smaller steps.
But state lawmakers and other activists argued that some
progress is better than none. So after Democrats this year took control
of Virginia’s legislature for the first time in decades, they moved to decriminalize.
Eleven states and Washington, DC, have legalized
marijuana, although Vermont and DC don’t allow sales. Sixteen other
states, now including Virginia, have decriminalized.
With decriminalization done, activists in Virginia are likely to turn to legalization. The state legislature, for its part, has approved a study on legalization. But while legalization stands to spread across the US this year, so far no state in the South has fully legalized marijuana.
Supporters of legalization argue
that it eliminates the harms of marijuana prohibition: the hundreds of
thousands of arrests around the US, the racial disparities behind those
arrests, and the billions of dollars that flow from the black market for
illicit marijuana to drug cartels that then use the money for violent
operations around the world. All of this, legalization advocates say,
will outweigh any of the potential downsides — such as increased
cannabis use — that might come with legalization.
Opponents, meanwhile, claim
that legalization will enable a huge marijuana industry that will
market the drug irresponsibly. They point to America’s experiences with
the alcohol and tobacco industries in particular, which have built their
financial empires in large part on some of the heaviest consumers of
their products. This could result in far more people using pot, even if
it leads to negative health consequences.
Sidestepping that debate, Virginia has decriminalized cannabis.
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